11
In controls this is known as disturbance rejection. In order to sustain your motion in the presence of high winds you need the controller to be as responsive as possible, and an accelerometer would help. A fast loop rate will also help.
You also have to deal with the nonlinearities of thrust, drag, weight, and lift. Depending on the design of your ...
10
Typically, a coordinate frame is placed at the robot center. The x-axis points forward, the y-axis points left, and the z-axis points up. Then, we measure angles with respect to the x-axis. So, a 90 degree angle would mean along the y-axis, as shown,
So, "12" corresponds to 0 yaw, or straight forward. "9" corresponds to 90 degree yaw, or along the y-axis....
9
You can look at degrees of freedom as if they were the number of variables that you need to use to describe your system. So, for a robot moving in a 2D plane, its state would be represented by:
$$
s=\begin{bmatrix}
x \\
y \\
\theta \\
\end{bmatrix}
$$
For a robot moving in a 2D plane to be holonomic, it must have the ability to change any state ...
6
Hi and welcome to the wide, ambiguous, sometimes confusing world of research. But seriously, looking at 20 years of papers will sometimes produce these confusions.
Let's look at what's going on. In the first reference, what they are saying is:
An INS/Gyro is nice, but has an error in it. That error changes (drifts) over time. Therefore, the error in the ...
6
I implemented something like this in College:
https://github.com/Auburn-Automow/au_automow_common/tree/master/automow_planning
Basically we just passed the vertices of the boustrophedon path as goals to move_base. Here's a video of a bag file being played back:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7nLgYquECg
Here's the class paper we did for the planner:
...
5
Generally, for indoor flight, commercial quadcopters do not measure position. Instead, they measure the change in position so as to prevent the quadrotor from moving when it should not. So while accelerometers are not great for maintaining an estimate of the quadrotors position they can be used to stabilize the system, i.e. to determine what commands needed ...
5
I did a little step-by-step tutorial with images, but if my other answer regarding aligning frames didn't work well for you, or the definition of "Front Plane" or "Top Plane" is confusing in Solidworks (spoiler: it is), then consider making your own axes.
From the assembly tab, go to reference geometry -> axis, then select the assembly planes to make an ...
5
The most important point is the scale. If you do monocular SLAM, your map will only be accurate up to scale so that you e.g. cannot compute the length of the travelled path in meters. The scale between your map and the world is not even constant over time so that if you come back to your starting point, it's going to be difficult to match the beginning and ...
5
It is usually a combination of 2 different pieces software. Generally a higher level software which implements most of your autonomy, advanced navigation algorithms, and a lower level software which deals with interfacing the motors, a simple state estimator, and accepts waypoint commands.
Most common is ROS for the higher level software, and a PX4 for lower ...
4
You can use the INS / GPS as updates to the output of your first EKF. This is, in fact, not chaining, but simply conditioning the estimate based on the added information from the INS / GPS.
Suppose we have the following functions:
$x_{t+1|t}$, $P_{t+1|t}$ = EKF_PREDICT($x_t$, $P_t$, $u_t$), for inputs as state $x$, covariance $P$, and control inputs (...
4
You need to do a bit of Calculus.
First a note about your input parameters:
Actually acceleration depends on Force and mass. You don't specify what units your max. thrust is in so let's assume your max. thrust is your acceleration. We can do the same thing with your max. torque then and assume that it is also your acceleration (angular) and forget about ...
4
Cartesians Robot use sensors. All robot need sensors. Sometime they are external (camera looking at the robot), sometime they are on the robot (IMU).
Basically what you're asking is :
How can an animal without any way to sense the world move from an exact point to another ?
Well, it can't.
Why do you wish not to use sensors ? There are very cheap ones ...
4
You have to know your initial heading, let's call it $\theta_0$. So you start at some position, $p_{start}$, and you're trying to get to some end position, $p_{end}$.
Assume starting position and ending positions are given by:
$$
p_{start} = <x_0 , y_0> \\
p_{end} = <x_1 , y_1> \\
$$
Those positions are absolute, but you are trying to get from ...
4
Apparently a magnetometer is useless in indoor environments like man made buildings. I cite from this paper
Multi-Magnetometer Based Perturbation Mitigation for Indoor Orientation Estimation
Nevertheless, the success of these sensors for orientation estimation
is conditioned by their capacity to sense Earth’s magnetic field in
environments full of ...
4
Precise vehicle location is not a very useful piece of data in autonomous driving so I would not expect to see many products focusing on it.
Path planning and following for cars is a solved problem. If you have a static environment where nothing changes, any good position sensing will let you control a vehicle to follow a path. However, there are very few ...
4
Your intuition is mostly correct. Returning to where you started and re-observing landmarks you mapped earlier is called closing the loop in the SLAM literature. As you mentioned, your uncertainty will grow as the errors accumulate before you return to the start, if you don't have an absolute sensor. An absolute sensor is one that directly measures your ...
4
If you are able to sense obstacles with a sensor pattern that is circular (eg laser scanner, contact sensors on a circular body, etc), and you can rotate the robot pose without translation, then you can satisfy the assumptions of the Bug algorithm.
If you use a point model for your robot in the map, then you grow the obstacles by the radius of your robot.
...
3
Is ... GPS data ... fused with the accelerometer data?
Yes, many aircraft use sensor-fusion techniques so both GPS data and accelerometer data effect the estimated X, Y, Z position.
Often they use a Kalman filter to do the data fusion.
( kalman-filter; Why do I need a Kalman filter? )
Measuring X,Y,Z accurately for each photo is important for assembling ...
3
This representative sample of what's out there may give you some idea of what's out there at various price points:
Unfortunately, you're talking several thousand dollars for an outdoor unit with 10's to 100's of meter range (as of March 2015). The chart is from a blog article I wrote on the topic. Google used a $70-80K unit on their original vehicles. The ...
3
Okay, so most(if not all) transational drift robots or meltys use an acceleorometer to indicate the heading of the robot. What this acceleorometer does is calculates the rate of rotation based on G-forces around a given radius. The data that is accumulated from the accelerometer is then used to light up an LED once per rotation - giving and indication of the ...
3
The solution is actually not quite linear. There are at least two cases:
1) The fastest solution does not require maximum turning at all times.
2) The fastest solution does require maximum turning at all times.
For an example of 1), consider the goal is straight ahead of the drone.
For an example of 2), consider the goal is very close, but straight behind ...
3
amcl receives the integrated odometry information over the tf topic between base_link and odom and then computes the correction between the odom frame and the map frame as the odometry accumulates drift.
Frames are defined in REP 105
3
First you need to understand the math, then you need to know how to program it.
So let's begin with the math. This is high school material, so I go through it quickly.
The math
Any two points you take on a circle make a line (of course). The line bisector of that line passes through the center of the circle. If you have two of such line bisectors that are ...
3
Here are a few ideas:
Buy 0.050" spacing prototyping board. For example, here are some possible boards that could work on Digi-Key.
Use a PCB prototyping service and fabricate the board you're looking for; this would have the advantage that you could add other circuits to the panel that you may need for your project.
Remove the boards from the wheel modules ...
3
It looks like most of your parts have no rotation, but some of them do, so I'm going to guess that you didn't mate your assembly to the origin planes in Solidworks.
First, on your base plate, open the Solidworks part file and check that the origin planes run through what you want the origin of the part to be. If they don't and it's a pain to re-draw the ...
3
You could use player/stage or gazebo
3
I think you're confused on a few points.
Mapping is when you try to build a map, given a known location.
Localizing is when you try to locate yourself, given a known map.
SLAM is simultaneous localization and mapping, where you try to build a map and localize yourself in that map on-the-fly.
You mention "localization and mapping" in your question, but in ...
3
I think LiDAR is common for indoor navigation. Definitely, LiDAR is the easiest and accurate solution for indoor navigation or SLAM. Many commercial robot vacuums are already in use of LiDAR for indoor navigation and mapping. Those are even cheaper and simpler than RGBD modules which is why low-cost LiDARs are hired over RGBD in mass production models.
It ...
3
How do self-driving bots usually deal with transient objects, e.g., parked cars on the side of roads when they can come and go?
No. In most of the open-source slams, dynamic objects are ignored which means they are just mapped as a stationary object. But there are few papers that deal with this in the way you think.
These aren't moving objects at the time ...
2
I think you could use bearing (or azimuth or right ascension) and mark (or altitude or declination). For example 0 mark 0 is straight ahead and on the horizon. 30 mark 30 is 30 degrees to the right and 30 degrees above the horizon. -90 mark -90 would be 90 degrees to the left and then face down into the ground. These could be relative to your current ...
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