I think you're asking about cognitive architectures, or the broader class of agent architectures. Following any of the links from those pages will be just a start in discovering alternatives.
You should know Rodney Brooks and the 'subsumption' architecture, since that kicked off a lot of architecture research back in the 80s/90s (and I might as well mention Shakey to really provide some history). Read something about 3T, SOAR, and ACT-R. You might want to read Cognitive architectures: Research issues and challenges, P. Langley, 2009.
You might instead read the FroboMind paper (from their website), then follow up with any of the papers cited in the bibliography.
Originally posted by kramer with karma: 1470 on 2014-08-26
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Comment by Cyril Jourdan on 2016-10-21:
Thanks for your answer, I'll have a look at the links.