ROS 2 Humble is not supported as a binary distribution on Ubuntu Mantic (23.10)
In general, when you run into issues like this, it is important to check what the supported platforms are for a given ROS 2 distribution. All of these are documented in REP 2000. More specifically, in this case, you would want to consult the section for Humble Hawksbill.
As a rule of thumb, ROS binary packages are available for the current LTS that was available at the release of that ROS distribution.
- Crystal Clemmys (December 2018 - December 2019) - Ubuntu Bionic (18.04)
- Dashing Diademata (May 2019 - May 2021) - Ubuntu Bionic (18.04)
- Eloquent Elusor (November 2019 - November 2020) - Ubuntu Bionic (18.04)
- Foxy Fitzroy (May 2020 - May 2023) - Ubuntu Focal (20.04)
- Galactic Geochelone (May 2021 - November 2022) - Ubuntu Focal (20.04)
- Humble Hawksbill (May 2022 - May 2027) - Ubuntu Jammy (22.04)
- Iron Irwini (May 2023 - November 2024) - Ubuntu Jammy (22.04)
- Jazzy Jalisco (May 2024 - May 2029) - Ubuntu Noble (24.04)
Rolling is in the process of being migrated to Noble to support the Jazzy release.