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You could think of robotics as being broken down into 3 parts: sensing, decision making, and actuating. Open loop systems are just the "actuating" part of that picture, and it sounds like you have a …

For example: assume you want to control the position of a train on a track by controlling the power (-100% to 100%) to its motors. …

The measurement you're looking for is called "resolution" -- it will tell you how many positions the motor can be in. One way to calculate this is based on the number of bits returned by the encoder …

Not only is a human voice behind this (likely through a vocoder), I believe you are looking at a mechanized costume and not an actual robot -- someone is inside. Using fake robots to attract crowds …

You're facing a problem that's normally solved mechanically, with 2 or 4 wheels, by a differential gearbox. Technically, you'd be able to adapt a 4WD differential to a 3WD case, but you'd have to use …

This should be straightforward, because the throttle can never provide negative acceleration and the brake can never provide positive acceleration. It sounds like you want to create a linear mappin …

The proportional element would control your arm strength relative to your hand position being too high or too low. …

I think you're caught up in trying to build high-level behavior (maneuvers) from low-level motor functionality, when in reality you should be attempting to decouple them somewhat. So you're asking …

I think you've taken a good first step; you've divided the problem into a mobile platform (which has uncertainty of position and must navigate) and the arm (which has a fair certainty of position in r …

This sounds like a classic case for a PID controller. The "derivative" part of this controller will help prevent the arm from oscillating as you move to a new angle, and the "integral" part will help …

If you're only using proportional force, then at some point it will be balanced by the force of gravity -- your error will converge on that balance, not zero. To compensate for the mass of the arm, y …

If that happens, the switch will effectively be bypassed and you'll have an out-of-control robot on your hands. …

You would need to construct a model of the motor's performance, and use that model to solve for the input that would give you the output you wanted. In the simplest case, you could measure the motor' …

It sounds like what you have is an occupancy grid, which you could simply convert to a 2D array of booleans in memory. Your challenge will be to figure out what grid square you are in at any given tim …

Use a stepper motor, control the step rate, and assume that it will never stall. Allow "fixed RPM" to mean "bell curve of acceptable RPMs". …