You're correct, they just use the system's current time. The typical way I've seen to synchronize time across computers is to use Chrony. With Ubuntu, you should be able to just run apt-get install chrony
.
Here are some resources I've found on a quick search:
http://answers.ros.org/question/2140/chrony-configuration-and-limitations
http://pr2support.willowgarage.com/wiki/PR2%20Manual/Chapter13#Clock_Synchronization
The important information is that your ROS system computers are tightly coupled in time, but loosely tied to the outside world's time.
Originally posted by Chad Rockey with karma: 4541 on 2011-10-17
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Comment by Den on 2022-03-28:
If anyone requires, the link for: http://pr2support.willowgarage.com/wiki/PR2%20Manual/Chapter13#Clock_Synchronization has been changed to: https://www.clearpathrobotics.com/assets/downloads/pr2/pr2_manual_r321.pdf since PR2 has changed hands from Willow Garage to Clear Path Robotics