How do I if know my quad is powerful enough to take off vertically smoothly and how do I calculate max Thrust(g) for given current(A) and voltage(V)?

Question

If I build my quadcopter with the following components, will it take off vertically smoothly?

Frame: F450 glass fiber and polyamide nylon [280g]

Landing Gear: High Landing Gear for F450 [90g]

Battery: 3000mAh 20C (30C burst) 3s/1p [260g]

Motor: XXD A2212 1400KV brushless outrunner motor [4x50g]

ESC: 30A (40A burst) Brushless with BEC - 2A/5V [4x25g]

Prop: 1045 Propeller set

Assume that the total weight of the quad is ~1.1Kg and I would like to have payload upto 400g, making the quad weigh ~1.5Kg

From all that I've learnt, the Thrust:Weight ratio should never fall below 1.7:1 (and a 2:1 is recommended to have better control) which if does creates problems in lifting my quad vertically smoothly. I'm neither planning to have very high maneuverability nor cruise the sky pushing my quad's limits. I just want it to fly.

Here's the motors pull(g)-amps(A)-voltage(V)-power(W)-specificThrust(g/W) information for A2212 1400kv with 10 x 4.5 Props

Since my battery's discharge rate is limited to 20C, if I'm not wrong, it can give out only 60A (since its 3000mAh) for the entire circuit with four motors, each of which can take 15A max, which from the above table would produce ~600g thrust, which is 2400g from all four motors.

Does this mean I can get 1.6:1 Thrust:Weight at 100% throttle? Can my quad still take off vertically smoothly?

I'm also confused about the efficacy of my motor, meaning if I buy a bigger motor, can get more than 600g thrust at 15A/11.1V with same/bigger props? If not, is this the most efficient combination of motor and prop?

If yes, what is the maximum thrust (practical pulling force in g, not in N) I can get outta 15A/11.1V? Which equation tells defines that exact relation, provided I fly my quad at usual conditions (1013hPa/25degC extTemp/80%-90% relHumidity/max15mAlti)?

PS: I tried ecalc, Prop Power Thrust and Efficiency Calculations, and a few other online stuff.

Update: Will replacing the 3000mAh-20c/30c battery with the 5000mAh-20c/30c 3s1p keeping everything same solve some problems and increase the flight time, provided I keep everything else the same?

Answer 1

You're really asking two questions here:

Will the motors and propellers be able to provide enough thrust to lift the weight of the quadcopter?

There's no substitute for measurement here. Get one motor, one propeller, and measure it for yourself using a benchtop power supply. Then multiply that by 4 (scaling it by the ratios you posted, as appropriate) and compare it to the total weight of the components you plan to buy.

The second question supports the first:

Will my power system be able to drive the motors at full speed?

Since you will already have the motors, you can measure their input current at full speed. Then multiply by 4, and see if that total power matches your calculations for the equipment.